Benito Mussolini (1883 to 1945) founded fascism and ruled Italy for almost 21 years, most of that time as a dictator. He dreamed of building Italy into a great empire, but instead he led his nation to defeat in World War II and was executed by his own people. In 1919, Mussolini founded the Fasci di Combattimento. This movement appealed to war veterans with a plan that supported government ownership of national resources and that put the interests and that put the interests of Italy above all others. In 1921, he transformed the fasci into the National Fascist Party, adopting a more conservative scheme to gain the support of property-owning Italians.
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